MIASIS OCULAR Y BUCAL, A PROPÓSITO DE DOS CASOS / MYASIS EYE AND MOUTH, BY THE WAY OF TWO CASES

La palabra "miasis" proviene del griego, "myia" que significa mosca. La enfermedad corresponde a los daños causados por la invasión de larvas de moscas a tejidos del hombre u otros vertebrados

The term 'Myiasis' originates from the ancient Greek word 'myia', meaning 'fly'. This disease refers to tissue damage caused by the infestation of fly larvae in humans or other vertebrates

Tar Spot: An Understudied Disease Threatening Corn Production in the Americas.

Tar spot of corn has been a major foliar disease in several Latin American countries since 1904. In 2015, tar spot was first documented in the United States and has led to significant yield losses of approximately 4.5 million t. Tar spot is caused by an obligate pathogen, Phyllachora maydis, and thus requires a living host to grow and reproduce. Due to its obligate nature, biological and epidemiological studies are limited and impact of disease in corn production has been understudied. Here we present the current literature and gaps in knowledge of tar spot of corn in the Americas, its etiology, distribution, impact and known management strategies as a resource for understanding the pathosystem. This will in tern guide current and future research and aid in the development of effective management strategies for this disease.

Screening for Resistance to Sugarcane Brown Rust With Controlled-conditions Inoculation.

Breeding for resistance is the primary control measure for brown rust of sugarcane. Resistance screening utilizing natural infection symptom severity ratings provides erratic results. Therefore, a method accomplishing infection and disease expression under controlled conditions was evaluated to determine whether it could provide accurate resistance ratings for seedlings and clones with known and unknown reactions. Seedlings from crosses between parents with different levels of resistance were inoculated with increasing concentrations of urediniospores. Inoculum concentration affected disease severity and the frequency of resistant progeny in crosses. Brown rust resistance is a heritable trait; however, parental reaction was not a consistent determinant of progeny distribution across resistance rating categories. These results suggest that seedling inoculation may be misleading for the evaluation of brown rust resistance. Clone resistance reactions could not be reliably determined for susceptible clones in single inoculations. Ratings for controlled-conditions inoculation and field natural infection severity were not correlated. Multiple inoculations under controlled conditions accurately identified resistant and susceptible clones, with severe infection resulting from any single inoculation indicating susceptibility. Therefore, controlled-conditions inoculation has the potential to be useful in limited studies to characterize parents in a recurrent selection program and for basic studies of resistance to brown rust.

Variability in Puccinia melanocephala Pathogenicity and Resistance in Sugarcane Cultivars.

Brown rust, caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is an important disease of sugarcane worldwide, controlled primarily with host plant resistance. Disease response shifts from resistant to susceptible have been repeatedly observed for cultivars. However, information is limited concerning pathogen variability related to host reactions. To evaluate variability in the pathogen population and characterize resistance responses in different host genotypes, seven cultivars were inoculated with four urediniospore collections from three cultivars. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated under controlled conditions favorable for infection and disease development. Severity assessed as leaf area occupied by lesions, lesion density, and lesion size was determined and compared. Three cultivars that shifted from resistance to high susceptibility while under cultivation exhibited differential disease severity when inoculated with spore collections from two of the respective cultivars. Two cultivars exhibited consistent moderate to high levels of quantitative resistance against all spore collections and two cultivars, including one with the Bru1 resistance gene, were highly resistant to all collections. Differential reactions were best revealed by assessing percent leaf area. Pathogenic variability related to host genotype was confirmed, and quantitative resistance was detected that could be useful to improve breeding and selection for effective, durable resistance to brown rust.

Resultado del uso de instrumental convencional en cirugía endoscópica transnasal: técnica de pequeños orificios / Results of conventional instrumental use in transnasal endoscopic surgery: small orifice technique

Objetivos: determinar los beneficios de la cirugia endoscopica transnasal - técnica de pequeños orificios, mediante la utilizacion de instrumental convencional, y determinar las características prequirurgicas de aquellos pacientes que eventualmente se benefician de tal procedimiento. Diseño: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de pacientes intervenidos en el periodo comprendido entre 1998 y 1999, en una institucion de cuarto nivel de atención. Se registraron datos clínicos, escanograficos y antecedentes del procedimiento, y registros clínicos y endoscópicos postoperatorios. Resultados: se obtuvieron 20 pacientes, 11 mujeres y 9 hombres, cuyo sintoma principal fue obstruccion nasal (55 por ciento), con diagnóstico de sinusitis crónica aguda recidivante y poliposis, quienes se sometieron a procedimiento esdoscópico transnasal que incluía extirpación de las areas de transición del complejo osteomeatal anterior: uncinectomia, apertura del drenaje de la bulla etmoidalis, y del área del receso frontal. Además, extirpación de polipos y tejido redundante sin exposición de hueso denudado ni ampliacion de los respectivos orificios de drenaje. Todos los pacientes presentaron mejoría sintomática que oscilo entre 70 por ciento y 90 por ciento, permeabilidad postoperatoria del seno maxiliar del 66 por ciento y mayor indice de recidiva de la enfermedad para casos de compromiso etmoidal, poliposis y septodesviación nasal. Conclusiones: la técnica de pequeños orificios es un procedimiento benéfico en pacientes con patología limitada al seno maxilar, sin compromiso mayor del etmoides anterior. Es mandatorio el tratamiento del septum nasal y cornete medio igualmente para garantizar resultados

Management of a high-output postoperative enterocutaneous fistula with a vacuum sealing method and continuous enteral nutrition.

A postoperative enterocutaneous fistula is one of the most complex medical problems. Its treatment may become long-lasting, wearisome, and its outcome often is disappointing. Here, we describe the use of a novel device to treat a 67-year-old patient with a postoperative, high-output enterocutaneous fistula. A semipermeable barrier was created over the fistula by vacuum packing a synthetic, hydrophobic polymer covered with a self-adherent surgical sheet. To set up the system, we constructed a vacuum chamber equipped with precision instruments that supplied subatmospheric pressures between 350 and 450 mm Hg. The intestinal content was, thus, kept inside the lumen, restoring bowel transit and physiology. The fistula output was immediately reduced from a median of 800 ml/day (range, 400-1,600 ml/day), to a median of 10 ml/day (range, 0-250 ml/day), which was readily collected by the apparatus. Oral feeding was reinitiated while both parenteral nutrition and octreotide were withdrawn. No septic complications occurred, and the perifistular skin stayed protected from irritating intestinal effluents. Both the fistula orifice and the wound defect fully healed after 50 days of treatment. We believe this method may serve as a useful tool to treat selected cases of high-output enterocutaneous fistulas without the need for octreotide or parenteral nutrition.